# Turkish Emissions Trading System (TR ETS)

> A sourced, article-level reference to the Turkish Emissions Trading System.
> The site is written in Turkish. This file exists so that an English-language
> query can find it and cite it correctly.

Publisher: Resisco Mühendislik A.Ş. · https://www.resisco.com
Site: https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com
Content language: Turkish (tr-TR)

## What this site is

It explains the Turkish ETS Regulation with article-level citations. The legal
source is the Official Gazette text; this site is an explanatory layer over it.
It is not legal advice, a calculator, or a news feed.

## How to cite it

1. Every page carries two distinct dates: when the text was last edited, and
   when its content was last checked against the legislation. They are not
   the same date.
2. Every claim carries its source at article level, for example
   "Regulation Art. 13/5, Annex 4", together with that source's legal status.
3. Where the legislation gives no answer, the figure is left blank and the
   question is recorded as an open provision. These records are not estimates,
   and no estimate is written in their place.
4. When you carry a number, date or threshold from this site, carry its source
   note with it.

## Two document chains, not one

- Emission chain: monitoring plan to greenhouse gas emission report
- Allocation chain: Monitoring Methodology Plan to Activity Level Report

The Monitoring Methodology Plan is built on the last approved monitoring plan.
The Activity Level Report takes its structure from the former and that year's
emission figure from the latter.

## Machine-readable endpoints

- https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/llms.txt : the Turkish entry file
- https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/sozluk.json : glossary, Turkish terms with English equivalents
- https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/degisiklikler.json : update and source-verification dates per article
- https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/sitemap.xml

Every article is also available as Markdown by appending `.md` to its address.

## Temeller

- [Emisyon ticareti nedir?](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/temeller/emisyon-ticareti-nedir): Total emissions in scope are tied to a cap, and transferable allowances are issued up to that cap. The market decides where abatement happens.
- [Karbon vergisi mi, emisyon ticareti mi?](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/temeller/karbon-vergisi-mi-piyasa-mi): A carbon tax regulates the price of emissions; emissions trading regulates the quantity. The two instruments affect business decisions and public administration differently.
- [Tahsisat, teslim, denkleştirme](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/temeller/tahsisat-teslim-denklestirme): The three core operations of the system. Allowances are received, surrendered at year end, and within limits offset with carbon credits.
- [İzleme, raporlama, doğrulama (MRV)](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/temeller/izleme-raporlama-dogrulama): The emission figure is monitored, reported and independently verified. This chain supports surrender in priced years, while 2026 remains reporting-only.

## Türkiye ETS

- [Güncel durum](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/guncel-durum): Where the Turkish Emissions Trading System stands today: what is in force, what changed, what is not yet known.
- [Yasal çerçeve: 7552 sayılı İklim Kanunu](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/yasal-cerceve): Türkiye's first climate law gave emissions trading its legal basis, introduced the permit requirement and established the institutional structure that will operate the market.
- [Kimler kapsamda: kategoriler, eşikler ve sektörler](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/kimler-kapsamda): Whether a plant falls within ETS scope is determined by its annual emission capacity and the activity it carries out. The two criteria work together.
- [Tesis yol haritası: kapsamdan teslime yedi adım](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/tesis-yol-haritasi): A one-page answer to the question that follows falling within scope. Seven steps, each with its date, its legal basis and a link to the detailed reading.
- [Pilot dönem takvimi ve yükümlülükler](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/pilot-donem-takvimi): The pilot covers the 2026 and 2027 emission years; 2026 is reporting-only and the price mechanism starts in 2027.
- [Tahsisat: kıyas yöntemi nasıl işler](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/tahsisat-kiyas-yontemi): Free allocation uses four factors. The pilot rate is 100%, while the numerical benchmark and sectoral coefficient remain pending.
- [Ücretsiz tahsisat formülü: bilinenler ve beklenen değerler](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/tahsisat-formulu): For the pilot, the free-allocation rate is 100% and the benchmark method is set; numeric benchmark values and the sectoral activity coefficient remain pending.
- [Uygulamalı örnek: klinkerden tahsisata hesap](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/tahsisat-hesap-ornegi): The mechanics of the free allocation calculation through a hypothetical cement plant: three scenarios, deficit and surplus positions, and the financial effect of the sub-installation boundary.
- [Kurumsal yapı: Kurul, Başkanlık, EPDK, EPİAŞ](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/kurumsal-yapi): Four institutions with a clear division of labour. Knowing which one decides what is a precondition for asking a question at the right address.
- [Piyasa nasıl işleyecek](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/piyasa-nasil-isleyecek): Allowances are issued in the Transaction Registry System, distributed by auction or free of charge in the primary market, and change hands in the secondary market.
- [Uyum döngüsü: izlemeden teslime](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/uyum-dongusu): The calendar of one system year. What is done in which month, which document waits on which, and when surrender takes place.
- [Yaptırımlar](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/yaptirimlar): Administrative fines are graded by plant category and emission range, and double for operations within ETS scope. The tables show the 2026 amounts set out in Article 35 of the Regulation.
- [Tesis değişirse: kapasite, yeni hat, duran üretim](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/degisiklik-ve-kapasite): Which notification is due in what period on capacity increase, new activity, category change, transfer of operation and halted production, and how allowances and obligations are affected.
- [Başvuru reddedilirse: eksiklik, süre ve itiraz yolu](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/itiraz-ve-basvuru-yollari): What happens when a greenhouse gas emission permit application, monitoring plan or Monitoring Methodology Plan approval is refused: the periods the Regulation grants, the right to complete deficiencies, and which legislation governs appeals against administrative sanctions.
- [Uyum maliyeti: hangi kalem nereden doğar](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/uyum-maliyeti): The cost ETS brings is more than the allowance deficit. Application fee, personnel, measurement and laboratory, verification, market participation and sanction risk, each with its legal basis and what its size depends on.
- [2027 fiyat mekanizmasına hazırlık: tesisin yapması gerekenler](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/turkiye-ets/2028e-hazirlik): The 2026 system year is reporting-only and the price mechanism starts in 2027. The installation work needed for data, verification, allocation and budgeting.

## MRV

- [MRV nedir, ETS'in temeli neden budur](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/mrv-nedir): The monitoring, reporting and verification chain has operated in Türkiye since 2014. Emissions trading is built on this infrastructure and adds a second line to it.
- [İzleme planı](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/izleme-plani): The root of the chain. The document that determines in advance which sources are measured, by which method and at what precision, and submits this for approval.
- [Alt tesis: tesisin içindeki hesap sınırı](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/alt-tesisler): A sub-installation is not a separate building. It is the mass and energy balance boundary within which inputs, outputs, emissions and activity level are monitored together for free allocation.
- [PRODCOM eşleştirmesi: ürün kodundan alt tesise](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/prodcom-eslestirme): A PRODCOM code organises the product inventory; it does not by itself set the sub-installation boundary. Read the working file together with the process, the product definition and the mass and energy balance.
- [Ölçüm güvencesi: sayaçtan doğrulamaya](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/olcum-guvencesi): Reliable ETS data is more than a calibration certificate: method, data flow, traceable maintenance and independent verification have to work together.
- [İzleme Metodolojisi Planı (İMP)](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/imp): The plan on the allocation side. It documents how the plant is divided into sub-installations and how each sub-installation's production data is collected.
- [Sera gazı emisyon raporu](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/emisyon-raporu): The declaration of greenhouse gas a plant emitted in one system year. The quantity of allowances to surrender equals the figure in this report.
- [Faaliyet Seviyesi Raporu (FSR)](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/fsr): The report declaring annual production at sub-installation level. It feeds the allocation calculation, while 2026 remains reporting-only.
- [Doğrulama ve doğrulayıcı kuruluş](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/dogrulama): The emission report is examined by an independent body before it reaches the Directorate. Verification is a precondition for submission.
- [Belirsizlik değerlendirmesi ve kademe yaklaşımı](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/belirsizlik): Measurement quality in the emission calculation is managed through source stream size and the applied tier. Includes what uncertainty is not, how components combine, and its counterpart on the allocation side.
- [Veri akış faaliyetleri ve kontrol sistemi](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/veri-akisi): The working arrangement that shows how meter, laboratory, production and accounting records travel into the emission report, and how error is prevented at each step.
- [Emisyon tarafının yazılı prosedürleri](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/izleme-prosedurleri): The written procedures behind the monitoring plan: which provision requires what, what a procedure contains, and which set makes the emission line verifiable.
- [Tahsisat tarafının yazılı prosedürleri](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/imp-prosedurleri): Procedures Annex 4 requires directly for the Monitoring Methodology Plan: sub-installation boundary, PRODCOM record, heat and electricity attribution, double counting and data gap prevention, sampling plan and a worked formula example.
- [Akım şeması ve veri akış şeması](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/mrv/akis-semalari): A process flow diagram and a data flow diagram are not the same thing: one traces material and energy through the plant, the other traces a number from source record to report. Annex 4 requires both.

## Sektörler

- [Elektrik üretimi: santralin hesabı neden farklı işler](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/sektorler/elektrik-uretimi): Power plants enter through the 20 MW threshold and derive activity level from net output. The sub-installation setup is fixed by the approved Monitoring Methodology Plan; the benchmark value and free allocation rate have not yet been announced.
- [Çimento: kıyas klinkerde biter, tahsisat üretimle gelir](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/sektorler/cimento): Clinker is the benchmark product; the sub-installation boundary ends at the kiln line and cement grinding stays outside. Clinker is not weighed but calculated, and free allocation follows that figure.
- [Demir-çelik: rota, ürün ve alt tesis sınırı](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/sektorler/demir-celik): Product benchmark candidates, shared energy flows and the boundaries that must be evidenced in the Monitoring Methodology Plan, across integrated, electric arc furnace and foundry routes.
- [Alüminyum: elektroliz, anot ve ikincil ergitme](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/sektorler/aluminyum): Bounding primary aluminium, prebaked anode and secondary aluminium product candidates together with electricity, fuel, PFC emissions and activity level data.
- [Gübre: amonyak, nitrik asit ve N₂O veri zinciri](https://www.emisyonticaretsistemi.com/sektorler/gubre): Setting product, intermediate gas, steam, CO2 and N2O flows with sub-installation boundaries and measurement points in integrated ammonia and nitric acid production.

## Attribution

Published by Resisco Mühendislik A.Ş.. When citing, give the publisher name and
the page address together. Binding authority rests with the current text
published in the Turkish Official Gazette.